Basic Idea:
Every person carries a self‑concept — how we see ourselves (“I” or “me”), how we relate to others and the world, and the values we attach to these views. When what we experience does not match this self‑concept, it creates incongruence.
Key Techniques:
This therapy uses empathy and gentle exploration of emotions. The goal is to help people connect with their true feelings and express them openly, so they can work with the counselor to find clarity and relief.
Common Emotions and What They Mean
| Emotion / Feeling | Underlying Perception / Belief |
| Fear / Worry* | Sense of danger/threat |
| Anger / Upset^ | Sense of injustice or unfairness |
| Happiness | Needs are fulfilled |
| Sadness# | Loss or missing someone/something |
| Shame / Embarrassment / Insult^ | Loss of dignity |
| Guilt / Regret^ | Doing something against conscience or values, leading to self‑anger |
- Worry vs Fear: If the threat is small or far away → Worry. If it is strong and immediate → Fear. Clinicians use the word Anxiety for a mix of worry, fear, and related symptoms.
- ^ Upset vs Anger / Regret vs Guilt: Lower intensity feelings are called upset, embarrassment, or regret. Stronger intensity becomes anger, insult, or guilt.
- Sadness vs Depression: Sadness is natural. When it is prolonged and comes with more symptoms, clinicians call it Depression.
- Stress: A broad term covering all five distressing emotions.